Nigella Sativa’nın (çörek otu) sağlık üzerine etkisi
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Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioksidan
çörek otu
oksidatif stres
Nigella Sativa
timokinon

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Aygün, S. B., & Karataş, E. (2024). Nigella Sativa’nın (çörek otu) sağlık üzerine etkisi. Toros Üniversitesi Gıda, Beslenme Ve Gastronomi Dergisi, 3(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.58625/jfng-2477

Özet

Oksidatif stres, vücutta reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS) birikmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan bir durumdur. ROS, hücrelerde lipid peroksidasyonu, DNA hasarı ve protein bozulması gibi olumsuz etkilere yol açabilmektedir. Bu durum çeşitli hastalıkların oluşumuna, var olan hastalıkların prognozunda ağırlaşmaya sebep olabilmektedir. Yaşam tarzı, beslenme ve doğal antioksidanların kullanımı gibi önlemler, oksidatif stresin etkilerini azaltmada önemli olabilmektedir.

Nigella Sativa (Çörek otu) bitkisi, antik çağlardan beri çeşitli medeniyetlerde kullanılmaktadır ve sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Bu bitkiyle ilgili yapılan araştırmalar, sağlık faydalarını destekleyebilecek kanıtlar sunmaktadır. N. Sativa tohumları ve yağı, oksidatif stres, hipertansiyon, epilepsi, yağlı karaciğer, astım, artrit gibi birçok hastalık üzerinde olumlu etkiler gösterebilir. Aynı zamanda anti-kanserojen, anti-diyabetik, antibakteriyel, anti-hepatotoksik, antifungal ve diğer terapötik etkilere sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. N. Sativa, tek yıllık çiçekli bir bitki olup genellikle Batı Asya, Akdeniz Kuzey Denizi bölgesi ve batı-güney Avrupa'da yetişir. Çiçeklerinin renkleri beyaz, pembe, sarı veya lavantadır ve meyveleri siyah tohum içeren kapsüllerden oluşur. N. Sativanın fitokimyasal bileşimi yetiştirme koşullarına, olgunluk aşamasına ve işleme yöntemlerine bağlı olarak değişir. Timokinon, flavonoidler, alkaloidler, tanenler gibi bileşenler N. Sativa’nın aktif fitokimyasal bileşenleridir. N. Sativa, içerdiği timokinon ve diğer fitokimyasal bileşenler aracılığıyla oksidatif stresi azaltmada etkili olabilmektedir. Timokinon, antioksidan etkileriyle serbest radikallerle etkileşime girerek ve çoklu hücresel sinyal sistemlerini modüle ederek oksidatif hasarı engellemektedir. Ayrıca, N. Sativa'nın anti-inflamatuar etkileri ve hücresel mekanizmaları düzenlemesi de oksidatif stresi azaltmada rol oynayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı N. Sativa’nın oksidatif stres, hastalıklar ve sağlık üzerine etkisi ile ilişkili literatürdeki çalışmaları incelemektir.

Amaç

Bu çalışmanın amacı, N. Sativa’nın oksidatif stres, hastalıklar ve sağlık üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin literatürü gözden geçirmektir.

Metodoloji

Literatür taraması Pubmed, ScienceDirect ve Scopus veritabanlarında ‘Nigella Sativa’, ‘Timokinon’, ‘Antoksidan’, ‘Antidiyabetik’, ‘Antidislipidemik’, ‘Antiinflamatuar’ kelimeleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Dahil edilme kriterleri, yayın dilinin İngilizce olması, çalışmanın amacının Nigella Sativa’nın sağlığa etkisi ile ilgili olması ve tam metnin erişilebilir olmasıydı.

 

Literatür İncelemesi

  1. Sativa ve TQ, çoklu hücresel sinyal sistemlerini modüle eder. Böylece enzimatik antioksidanların ve enzimatik olmayan antioksidanların ekspresyonunu arttırır, çeşitli oksidatif belirteçleri azaltır ve antioksidan aktivite gösterir. Son sistematik inceleme ve meta-analiz çalışmaları da N. Sativa’nın antioksidan etkisini kanıtlamaktadır.

Kronik kan şekeri yükselmesinin, reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS) aşırı üretimi yoluyla oksidatif stresi teşvik ettiği bildirilmiştir. Aşırı ROS seviyeleri, insülin direncinde ve β hücre işlev bozukluğunda artışa neden olarak diyabetik komplikasyonların ilerlemesine katkıda bulunur. N. Sativa’nın antienflamatuar etkileri ile yüksek kan şekeri seviyelerinin neden olduğu komplikasyon ve hastalık riskini azalttığı düşünülmektedir. Diyabetik yaralı sıçanlarda yapılan bir çalışmada, N. Sativa esansiyel yağının, GPx, SOD ve CAT aktivitelerini ve GSH seviyesini arttırarak yara iyileşme süreciyle ilişkili antioksidan kapasitesini arttırdığı bulunmuştur. Başka bir çalışmada, 1 yıl boyunca 2g/gün N. Sativa takviyesi verilen bireylerde açlık kan şekeri, glikolize hemoglobin (HbA1c) ve insülin direncinde anlamlı bir azalma ve TAC, SOD ve glutatyon seviyelerinde anlamlı bir artış bulunmuştur.

  1. Sativa geleneksel tıpta hiperlipidemi de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisi ve önlenmesi için kullanılmıştır. N. Sativa tohum ekstraktlarının hiperlipidemik sıçanların diyetine eklenmesinin, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) seviyelerini düşürerek hiperlipidemik koşulları iyileştirdiği bulunmuştur. Başka bir çalışmada, 6 ay boyunca statinlerle (10-20 mg) kombinasyon halinde 500mg/gün N. Sativa alımının stabil koroner arter hastalığı olan hastalarda trigliseritler, LDL, HDL ve toplam kolesterol seviyeleri üzerinde önemli bir olumlu etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur.
  2. Sativa’nın sedef hastalığı, sistemik lupus eritematozus, romotoid artrit ve Behçet hastalığı gibi otoimmnün hastalıkların prognozunda antienflamatuar etki göstererek etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde bazı inflamasyon belirteçlerin azalmasına karşın bazılarında etkisinin olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. N. Sativa’nın bu konudaki etkileri net değildir.

Sonuçlar ve Tartışma

Sonuç olarak, geleneksel tıbbın günümüz teknolojisi ve bilgisi ışığında yeniden ortaya çıktığını görüyoruz. Antik çağlardan beri kullanılan N. Sativa birçok farklı toplumun ve geleneksel tıbbın bir parçası olmuştur. Günümüz koşullarında N. Sativa gibi bitkiler, ilaçların daha az erişilebilir ve yüksek fiyatı, rahatsızlıkların artması, beslenme ile sağlık arasındaki ilişkinin yaygınlaşması gibi birçok nedenden dolayı sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. N. Sativa, oksidatif stres dolayısıyla oksidatif stresin neden olduğu veya etkilediği bozukluklar üzerinde olumlu hatta terapötik bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Bununla birlikte, daha ileri klinik çalışmalar ve insan denemelerine, doz ve toksisite konusunda daha net sonuçlara ihtiyaç vardır.

https://doi.org/10.58625/jfng-2477
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