Abstract
The Nigella Sativa plant has been used in various civilizations since ancient times and is believed to have positive health effects. Research on this plant provides evidence to support its health benefits. Nigella Sativa seeds and oil may have positive effects on many diseases such as oxidative stress, hypertension, epilepsy, fatty liver, asthma, arthritis. It is also thought to have anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-hepatotoxic, antifungal and other therapeutic effects. N. sativa is an annual flowering herb that grows mainly in Western Asia, the Mediterranean North Sea region and western-southern Europe. The flowers are white, pink, yellow or lavender in color and the fruits are capsules containing black seeds. The phytochemical composition of N. sativa varies depending on growing conditions, stage of maturity and processing methods. Components such as thymoquinone, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins are the active phytochemical constituents of N. Sativa may be effective in reducing oxidative stress through its thymoquinone and other phytochemical components. N. Sativa may be effective in reducing oxidative stress through its thymoquinone and other phytochemical components. Thymoquinone inhibits oxidative damage by interacting with free radicals and modulating multiple cellular signaling systems through its antioxidant effects. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of Nigella Sativa and its regulation of cellular mechanisms may also play a role in reducing oxidative stress.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to review the literature on the effects of N. sativa on oxidative stress, diseases and health.
Methodology
The literature search was performed in Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases using the words "Nigella Sativa", "Thymoquinone", "Antioxidant", "Antidiabetic", "Antidislipidemic", "Antiinflammatory". The inclusion criteria were that the language of publication was English, the purpose of the study was related to the effect of Nigella Sativa on health, and the full text was accessible.
Literature Review
- Sativa and TQ modulate multiple cellular signaling systems. Thus, it increases the expression of enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants, decreases various oxidative markers and shows antioxidant activity. Recent systemic review and meta-analysis studies also prove the antioxidant effect of N. Sativa.
Chronic elevation of blood glucose has been reported to promote oxidative stress through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS levels lead to an increase in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, contributing to the progression of diabetic complications. N. Sativa is thought to reduce the risk of complications and diseases caused by elevated blood glucose levels with its anti-inflammatory effects. In a study in diabetic injured rats, N. Sativa essential oil was found to increase the antioxidant capacity associated with the wound healing process by increasing GPx, SOD and CAT activities and GSH level. In another study, a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance, and a significant increase in TAC, SOD and glutathione levels were found in individuals given 2g/day N. Sativa supplementation for 1 year.
- Sativa is used in traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, including hyperlipidemia. Supplementation of N. Sativa seed extracts into the diet of hyperlipidemic rats was found to improve hyperlipidemic conditions by raising the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lowering total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Another study found that intake of 500 mg/day of N. Sativa in combination with statins (10-20 mg) for 6 months had a significant positive effect on triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
- Sativa is thought to be effective in the prognosis of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Behçet's disease by showing anti-inflammatory effect. When the studies on this subject were examined, it was observed that while some of the inflammation markers decreased, there was no effect in some others. The effects of N. Sativa on this issue are not clear.
Results and Conclusions
As a result, we see that traditional medicine is being re-exposed in the light of today's technology and knowledge. N. Sativa, which has been used since ancient times, has been a part of both religions, many different societies and traditional medicine. In today's conditions, herbs such as N. Sativa are frequently used again due to many reasons such as the less accessible and high price of medicines, the increase in ailments, and the popularization of the relationship between nutrition and health. It is thought that N. Sativa may have a positive and even therapeutic effect on oxidative stress and therefore on disorders caused or affected by oxidative stress. However, further clinical studies, human trials and clearer results on dose and toxicity are needed.
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