Özet
Fizyolojik boyutuyla yaşlanma yaşlanma sürecine bağlı olarak yapı ve fonksiyonlardaki bozulmadır. Psikolojik boyutuyla yaşlanma ise bireylerin yaşlılık döneminde geçirdikleri davranış, uyum ve mental fonksiyonlarındaki değişimleri kapsar. Yaşlanma; evrensel, ilerleyici, kademeli ve engellenemez bir süreçtir. Günümüzde yaşlı nüfusun artışına paralel yaşlanmayla ilişkili artan hastalıkların ciddi bir toplum sağlığı problemi haline gelmiştir. Son dönemde insan mikrobiyotasını hedef alan yaşlanma yönetimi; sağlığı, yaşam süresini ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek yeni bir yaklaşım olarak görülmektedir. Yaşlı popülasyona aktif yaşlanma bilinci kazandırılması ve kronik hastalık sıklığını minimuma indirilebilmesi için beslenme önemli rol oynamaktadır. Fonksiyonel besinler sağlıklı ve dengeli beslenmede önemli yer teşkil etmektedir ve diyetle ilişkili hastalık risklerinin azaltılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu fonksiyonel besinlerden bazıları nar, çilek ve fındıktır. Bu besinlerde bulunan ellagitanninler ve ellagik asit gibi polifenollerden bağırsaklarda doğal bir bileşik olan Urolithin A üretimi gerçekleşir. Urolithin A, ellagitanninlerin bağırsak bakterileri tarafından dönüştürülmesinden üretilen metabolit bileşiktir. Urolithin A araştırmalarındaki son gelişmeler, Urolithin A uygulamasının beyin, yağ, kalp ve karaciğer dokuları dahil olmak üzere çeşitli dokulardaki inflamasyonu azalttığını ve Alzheimer hastalığının, tip 2 diyabetin ve nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığının başlamasının potansiyel olarak geciktirilmesine veya önlenmesine yardımcı olduğunu bildirmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar Urolithin A takviyesinin insanlarda beyin, eklemler ve diğer organları etkileyen yaşlanma ve yaşa bağlı koşullara karşı koruyucu olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda bu derlemede sağlıklı yaşlanmayı teşvik etmek için yaşlanma sırasında mitokondriyal işlevi ve organizma sağlığını iyileştirmek için insanlarda bir beslenme müdahalesi olarak Urolithin A takviyesinin önemi araştırılmıştır.
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